The revenue potential per market
The menu of a battery's revenue sources. Important: at hourly level these are ALTERNATIVES, not additive revenues — the same MWh cannot serve two markets at the same moment. On this site only Day-Ahead arbitrage is quantified (real data).
Day-Ahead arbitrage
Charge low, discharge high on the daily auction — the base revenue source, computed here with a perfect forecast.
Intraday
Continuous adjustment after the Day-Ahead; captures short-term volatility.
Reserves (FCR / aFRR / mFRR)
Capacity reserved to stabilise frequency — paid on availability, not on energy delivered.
Capacity market
Pays for guaranteed availability in peak periods.
Who earns what — and where?
British market roles, clearly separated.
Balancing responsible / trader
Reads here when charging is worthwhile: at negative prices, you are paid to charge.
Asset operator
More negative intervals = more economically usable cycles for the battery.
Investor
A rising share of negative intervals widens the business case — without extrapolating from a single month.
System operator (NESO) / exchanges
Negative prices reflect overproduction; the market clears the surplus, the system operator handles grid balance. No trading profit.